Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol.30, No.7, 913-925, 1999
Influence of electric field profile and polarity on the mode of EHDA related to electric discharge regimes
The paper deals with the production of charged droplets by electro-hydro dynamic atomization (EHDA). It brings three original features of EHDA of liquids in relation with electric field symmetry, polarity, intensity and divergence in the inter-electrode gap From the liquid surface to the ground electrode. We first describe the influence of the symmetry of the spraying electrodes System (axial or plane) on the cone and spray shape and on the droplet size produced in the cone-jet mode. The spray turns from a conical shape, with the axial symmetry nozzle/plane configuration, to an ellipsoid whose longer diameter is perpendicular to the tube with the planar symmetry tube:plane configuration. However, the initial droplet size in the production zone is the same whatever the symmetry is. EHDA in the cone-let mode is then characterized under AC fields, as a succession of positive and negative cones on both sides of the pendant drop, leading to similar droplet diameter to that with DC polarity. Finally, electric and granulometric measurements are used to define the different modes of water sprays according to liquid properties and to experimental parameters (conductivity, flow rate and liquid voltage) related to electric discharge phenomena (continuous or impulse). We found that (i) a continuous corona discharge current (glow) allows the EHDA of water in, what we decided to call the "cone-jet-glow" mode, leading to the production of unimodal sprays, whereas (ii) a strong impulse discharge current (streamer) disturbs the continuous EHDA in the "cone-jet-glow" mode to, what we decided to call, the "electric-dripping'' mode, because of the polymodal sprays induced by impulse electric discharges (streamer) development and by the resulting transient variation of the surface electric field. For stable EHDA of high surface tension liquid in a stable cone-jet glow mode, impulse discharges in the gas have to be prevented. In this respect. we have successfully increased the divergence of the field around the liquid (different nozzle diameters, and liquid flow rate) to promote the production mode of EHDA stabilized by a glow discharge, i.e. the cone-jet-glow mode.