Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol.49, No.8, 33-42, 2010
A Practical Way Out of the GHG Emissions Problem
Ever-increasing global demand for energy, and the world's supply predominantly being fossil-based, implies continued growth of emissions Efficiency improvements and employment of non-fossil energy will definitely help mitigate the problem, but it is generally recognized that "pure emboli offsets" will have to play a major role if the problem has to be combated in a timely fashion Discussion on pure offsets employing geological storage [namely, carbon capture and storage (CCS)] is advancing rapidly However, maim issues with this approach are its high cost and the long-term post pet at ion liability The author has previously proposed an alternate approach of pure offset charcoal sequestration (CS), which essentially employs conversion of dead plant material into inert solid carbon CS promises to be both less expensive and a better option as far as the operational and post-operation liability is concerned Among the numerous advantages of the charcoal approach is its easier reversibility, both in terms of liability and costs Although implementation of this approach at a scale where it can make a significant impact on global CO(2) concentration needs to be preceded by a substantial in dissemination and public preparedness, a practical way to introduce it is through using municipal solid waste (MSW) as the feed biomass for CS This will not only allow time for public acceptance to evolve, and evaluation of potential associated risks, but immediately help mitigate the growing problem of space requirement for waste landfills, waste transport costs and emission of methane from the rotting municipal waste associated with the continued urban sprawl This paper. aside from describing the carbon sequestration from waste (CSW) method, estimates the cost of carbon offset with this and other competing approaches, such as the use of MSW for conversion to bio-alcohol and for power generation It highlights that to make our mobile and stationary use of energy carbon-neutral, different types of carbon offsets are needed and makes a case for price duality of carbon credits It also compares the global potential of CSW in combating the greenhouse gas (GHG) problem. making more than two Socolow wedges with use of charcoal for soil enhancement and other purposes amounting to less than 0.04 such wedges In this work, the cost of carbon offset with CSW is estimated to be as low as CAD 2.6/tonne CO(2) equivalent (CO(2)e)