Fine particle production by emulsion combustion at high temperature was investigated to produce small phosphor particles with high luminance. In this study, Y(2)O(3) : Eu particles of red fluorescence material were synthesized, and the effect of the process on its luminescence and structural characteristics were evaluated. A mixed solution of yttrium and europium nitrate and white kerosene were used as raw materials. W/O (water-in-oil) and W/O/W (water-in-oil-in-water) emulsions were prepared by stirring these raw materials and surfactants in an ultrasonic homogenizer. The production of phosphor particles was carried out by burning the emulsions in a high temperature furnace. The mean particle diameter of produced phosphor was less than 100 nm. The diameter of the particles made with the W/O/W emulsion was smaller than the estimated value based on the size distribution and concentration of the dispersed solution phases. Moreover, the luminescence intensity of the particles produced by the proposed process was 1.5 times that of the particles without emulsion combustion. However, the value for particles made from the W/O/W emulsion was approximately 45% of the phosphor made by a conventional method. More investigation on improvement of the luminescence is necessary.