The tensile properties of polypropylene fibers, produced in a short-spin line, are correlated with the parameters of the three processing stages (spinning, drawing, and annealing), and with the molecular weight distribution. In general, tensile stiffness and strength increase with increasing molecular orientation, while the elongation at break decreases. The degree of orientation is determined by the deformation ratios and temperatures of the first two stages. Tensile modulus and strength also increase with increasing annealing stage shrinkage ratio. All the tensile properties, including the elongation at break, increase with increasing average molecular weight. The mechanisms of crystallization and deformation are related to the molecular weight distribution in different ways. Hence, the tensile modulus is highest for broad distributions when the draw ratio is low, and for narrow distributions when the draw ratio is high. The tensile strength increases and the elongation at break decreases as the width of the molecular weight distribution decreases, for all combinations of processing parameters. The distribution of tensile strength, for fibers with high draw ratios, broadens as the molecular weight distribution narrows. The total draw ratio of fibers, as experienced during processing and testing, and the true stress at break, are discussed in terms of deformation rates and relaxation times.