In July 2004, The U.S. EPA published the final rule for implementing Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act at existing Phase II facilities. The rule dictates the use of technological , operational or restoration measures to achieve an 80% to 95% reduction in fish impingement mortality at all phase II facilities and a 60% to 90% reduction in entrainment at some phase II facilities. This article is the second in a series. The first, in the January/February 2005 issue of POWER, discussed the analysis of cooling water intake systems. The third, to be published later this year, will explore alternative cooling water intake technology.