The surface modifications produced by a RF plasma treatment on a thermoplastic styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber-SBS-with a considerable amount of processing oils in its formulation (TRO) have been studied and compared to the modifications produced on an oil-free SBS rubber (TRF). The modifications produced by the plasmas on the rubber surface depended on the nature of the gas used to generate the plasma. Thus, argon plasma favored the migration of processing oils to the TRO rubber surface, producing a weak oily layer that prevented interaction of rubber with a polyurethane adhesive. On the other hand, oxygen and carbon dioxide plasmas produced important ablation of the rubber surface which resulted in a partial (CO2 plasma) or total (O-2 plasma) removal of processing oils from the rubber surface and the creation of polar moieties that increased adhesion of the rubber surface towards a polyurethane adhesive.