Photophysical and photochemical processes in petroleum luminophores, which occur under the action of ultraviolet and visible light via the one- and two-photon mechanisms, are considered. These processes follow the radical-ion mechanism at temperatures below the pour point of petroleum luminophores. Accumulation of light energy at temperatures above the pour point is reversible and is associated with the decomposition of molecular products: peroxides, endoperoxides, hydroperoxides, and other compounds. The photosensitizing properties are due to aromatic components. A cascade mechanism was revealed for energy transfer from lowmolecular-weight to high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.