Toughening the quality standards for petroleum fuels suggests a substantial reduction in the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in these fuels; in particular, the benzene content should not exceed 1.0%. Securing these requirements by legislation forces oil refiners to revise the hydrocarbon-group composition of motor gasolines and, hence, the engineering basis of their manufacture. The main world tendency for the hydrocarbongroup composition of motor gasoline is to increase the proportion of isoparaffins from 20 to 45%, which is equivalent to a reduction in the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons from 42 to 25%. The designing of a new industrial process for isobutane alkylation with olefins and the discovery of the new reaction of reductive dehydration of alcohols yielding isoparaffinic and, in particular, alkylcyclopentane hydrocarbons contribute to the production of alternative, environmentally safe motor fuels.