An effective process safety culture is essential to an effective process safety management (PSM) program. A good safety culture is the difference between doing aPSM activity, and doing it well. Without a good culture, an organization can check off the boxes indicating that various PSM activities have been done, but the product of those activities may have little valuable content, and the PSM program may not be effective. (C) 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012