The combustion behavior of grading aluminum powders containing superfine aluminum powder (SAI) in NEPE propellant has been studied by several kinds of experimental techniques. The results indicate that the usage of grading aluminum powders containing SAI can effectively improve the combustion characteristics of NEPE propellant and the combustion efficiency of aluminum. The reason is that SAI has the different combustion and thermochemical properties from those of generally powdered aluminum (Al). SAI is inclined to burn in a single step, hence greatly increasing the heat released during the thermal decomposition of NEPE propellant.