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Przemysl Chemiczny, Vol.82, No.4, 299-302, 2003
The properties of modified acylglycerol emulsifiers synthesized from fatty acid mixtures
Modified acylglycerols prepared by reacting FINA Chemicals' (A) Radiacid 0416, (B) 0427 and (C) 0613, i.e., C-10:0-C-22:0 acid molten mixtures, with NaOH and next with stoichiometric glycerol (1 h, 150degreesC; and 160degreesC, 798 hPa, up to desired acid concentration), were used to prepare (x/(100-x), w/w) O/W model emulsions (x = 20, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80) at room temp. In A and B, the C-18:0 /C-16:0 w/w ratios were 64.4/27.9 and 43.8/52.2. resp.; in C, the C-12:0 and (C-18:0 + C-16:0) were 47.2% and 26.5016, resp. Emulsion stability (3000 rpm for 5 min), droplet size distribution (<3 μm, 60-80%), shear(3-1312 s(-1))-strain (flow) curves, and viscosity were studied in relation to phase volume ratio. The length of the hydrophobic groups in nonionic monacylglycerols and anionic Na soaps controlled emulsifier's HLB. More soaps resulted in a higher esterification degree, a more-developed interface, a more-hydrophilic emulsifier, and more dispersed phase in the emulsion (max. 25%, HLB = 5.3). Chain extension from C-12 to C-18 gave a more hydrophobic emulsifier (40% of oil phase).