Melamine properties, markets, and synthesis based on urea are reviewed. The Chemie-Linz 30-kton/year low-pressure process and the Eurotecnica 32-kton/year high-pressure process (liquid-phase, one reactor, no catalyst) were put on stream at Pulawy in 1977 and 2001, resp., and a new plant is underway to raise the total capacity to 92 kton me-lamine/year. Selected features of the process were described.