To monitor metal pollutants (specified in parentheses), the following were suggested as bioindicators: lichens (SO, in air), flowers, e,g, gladiolus (F in ar), heterotrophic soil bacteria (Cu, Cd, Ni, Cr), mosses, e.g., Bryophytes, Hyloconium splendens, Bryum argentum (As. Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, U), grasses, e.g., spinach (As, Pb), Agrostis tenuis, Festuca rubra, Elytrygia reppens (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu. Ni, Pb, V, U), ferns (Pb), fungi (Al, As, Cd. Cr, Cu, NI, Pb, Se), laying hen feathers (Hg, Cd), earthworms (useful for forest ecosystems only), clams and algae, e.g., Spirulina, Mylitus edulis, and human hair (Al. As. Cd, Cr. Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn). Clams and algae absorb metals in direct proportion to their concentration in water. Inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry were used to determine pollutant metals in hundreds of bioindicator specimens.