History of civilization was briefly outlined to show the effect of utilization of new sources of energy and construction materials on the tech. progress. Environmental hazards generated by use of (p-CIC6H4)(2)CHCCI3 pesticide resulted in adoption of the sustainable development rules. They are now used to avoid the greenhouse effect. Renewable energy sources were reviewed and critically assessed. In particular, uses of biomass, biofuels and H for generation of energy were discussed.