This study evaluated the possibility of utilizing a spray-coating process for large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) combined with a metal electrode geometry. The effects of the cell area in spray-coated OSCs were investigated systematically by introducing a metal sub-electrode and grid-electrode to realize large-area cells of up to 12.25 cm(2). The series resistance could be reduced significantly by inserting a metal grid-electrode into the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode, yielding a power conversion efficiency of 2.11% at a cell area of 12.25 cm(2) and 2.49% at an effective photocurrent generated area of 11.23 cm(2) under AM.1.5 simulated illumination. This is comparable to the 3.13% obtained in the cell produced by spray-coating at a cell area of 0.38 cm(2). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.