A study on deactivation and regeneration of titanium dioxide during photocatalytic degradation of phthalic acid

Vimal G. Gandhi; Manish Kumar Mishra; Pradyuman A. Joshi

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.18, No.6, 1902-1907, November, 2012

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2012.05.001 Export Citation

A study on deactivation and regeneration of titanium dioxide during photocatalytic degradation of phthalic acid

Vimal G. Gandhi, Manish Kumar Mishra^†, and Pradyuman A. Joshi^†

Department of Chemical Engineering & Shah-Schulman Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Dharmsinh Desai University, College Road, Nadiad 387 001, Gujarat, India

E-mail:,

The cause of deactivation of Degussa P25 titanium dioxide (TiO2) during photocatalytic degradation of phthalic acid in aqueous medium was investigated. Various regeneration methods, such as washing with solvents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and thermal treatment were attempted to find the best technique for regeneration of spent catalyst. The deactivation and regeneration of TiO2 was monitored using XRD, FTIR, CHNO analysis, zeta potential measurement and surface area analysis. The surface adsorption of phthalic acid and the reaction intermediates deactivates the catalyst. The regeneration by H2O2 treatment nearly restored the activity, whereas washing with solvents and thermal treatment showed poor regeneration.

Keywords:Titanium dioxide;Deactivation;Regeneration and reuse;Hydrogen peroxide

[References]

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Ollis DF, Pellizzetti E, Serpone N, Environmental Science and Technology., 25, 1523 (1991)
Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi WY, Bahnemann DW, Chem. Rev., 95(1), 69 (1995)
Bhatkhande DS, Pangarkar VG, Beenackers AACM, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology., 77, 102 (2001)
Legrini O, Oliveros E, Braun AM, Chemical Reviews., 93, 671 (1993)
Zhang L, Yu JC, Catalysis Communications., 6, 684 (2005)
Piera E, Ayllon JA, Domenech X, Peral J, Catal. Today, 76(2-4), 259 (2002)
Ameen MM, Raupp GB, J. Catal., 184(1), 112 (1999)
Sauer ML, Ollis DF, J. Catal., 163(1), 215 (1996)
Peral J, Ollis DF, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical., 115, 347 (1997)
Alberici RM, Canela MC, Eberlin MN, Jardim WF, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 30(3-4), 389 (2001)
Cao LX, Gao Z, Suib SL, Obee TN, Hay SO, Freihaut JD, J. Catal., 196(2), 253 (2000)
Jing LQ, Xin BF, Yuan FL, Wang BQ, Shi KY, Cai WM, Fu HG, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 275(1-2), 49 (2004)
Mills A, Le Hunte S, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A., 108, 1 (1997)
Almeida AR, Moulijn JA, Mul G, Journal of Physical Chemistry C., 112, 1552 (2008)
Gandhi VG, Mishra MK, Rao MS, Kumar A, Joshi PA, Shah DO, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17(2), 331 (2011)
Pillai UR, Sahle-Demessie E, J. Catal., 211(2), 434 (2002)
Carneiro JT, Moulijn JA, Mul G, J. Catal., 273(2), 199 (2010)
Shang J, Zhu YF, Du YG, Xu ZL, Journal of Solid State Chemistry., 166, 395 (2002)
Chhor K, Bocquet JF, Colbeau-Justin C, Mater. Chem. Phys., 86(1), 123 (2004)
Moser J, Punchihewa S, Infelta PP, Gratzel M, Langmuir., 7, 3012 (1991)
Tunesi S, Anderson MA, Langmuir., 8, 487 (1992)
Klug O, Forsling W, Langmuir, 15(20), 6961 (1999)

[Referenced By]

[1] Mills A, Davies RH, Worsley D, Chemical Society Reviews., 22, 417 (1993)

[2] Ollis DF, Pellizzetti E, Serpone N, Environmental Science and Technology., 25, 1523 (1991)

[3] Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi WY, Bahnemann DW, Chem. Rev., 95(1), 69 (1995)

[4] Bhatkhande DS, Pangarkar VG, Beenackers AACM, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology., 77, 102 (2001)

[5] Legrini O, Oliveros E, Braun AM, Chemical Reviews., 93, 671 (1993)

[6] Zhang L, Yu JC, Catalysis Communications., 6, 684 (2005)

[7] Piera E, Ayllon JA, Domenech X, Peral J, Catal. Today, 76(2-4), 259 (2002)

[8] Ameen MM, Raupp GB, J. Catal., 184(1), 112 (1999)

[9] Sauer ML, Ollis DF, J. Catal., 163(1), 215 (1996)

[10] Peral J, Ollis DF, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical., 115, 347 (1997)

[11] Alberici RM, Canela MC, Eberlin MN, Jardim WF, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 30(3-4), 389 (2001)

[12] Cao LX, Gao Z, Suib SL, Obee TN, Hay SO, Freihaut JD, J. Catal., 196(2), 253 (2000)

[13] Jing LQ, Xin BF, Yuan FL, Wang BQ, Shi KY, Cai WM, Fu HG, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 275(1-2), 49 (2004)

[14] Mills A, Le Hunte S, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A., 108, 1 (1997)

[15] Almeida AR, Moulijn JA, Mul G, Journal of Physical Chemistry C., 112, 1552 (2008)

[16] Gandhi VG, Mishra MK, Rao MS, Kumar A, Joshi PA, Shah DO, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17(2), 331 (2011)

[17] Pillai UR, Sahle-Demessie E, J. Catal., 211(2), 434 (2002)

[18] Carneiro JT, Moulijn JA, Mul G, J. Catal., 273(2), 199 (2010)

[19] Shang J, Zhu YF, Du YG, Xu ZL, Journal of Solid State Chemistry., 166, 395 (2002)

[20] Chhor K, Bocquet JF, Colbeau-Justin C, Mater. Chem. Phys., 86(1), 123 (2004)

[21] Moser J, Punchihewa S, Infelta PP, Gratzel M, Langmuir., 7, 3012 (1991)

[22] Tunesi S, Anderson MA, Langmuir., 8, 487 (1992)

[23] Klug O, Forsling W, Langmuir, 15(20), 6961 (1999)