Ca1-xCdxMoO4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction method. Tetragonal scheelite structure with I4(1)/a space group was observed in all these compositions. Microwave dielectric properties such as quality factor (Q x f), dielectric constant (epsilon(r)), and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (tau(f)) were measured in the microwave frequency range. Rietveld refinement was performed on all these compositions and bond valences of A-, B-site cation, and oxygen were calculated. Influence of these structural parameters on the microwave dielectric properties was examined. Q x f was correlated with the average covalence of A-, B-site cations. The variation in epsilon(r) was explained with ionic polarizability of Cd+2 ions. The deviation of observed polarizability from theoretical polarizability and tau(f) of all these compositions were explained with oxygen bond valence. The well-sintered Ca1-xCdxMoO4 ceramics showed highly promising microwave dielectric properties (epsilon(r) = 8-10, Q x f = 46000-53000 GHz and tau(f) = -22 to -57 ppm/degrees C).