The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) and the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) have central roles in mitochondrial functions such as nucleotides transport and cell death. The interaction between VDAC, an outer mitochondrial membrane protein and ANT, an inner membrane protein, was studied in isolated mitochondria and in vitro. Both proteins were isolated from various mitochondrial sources and reconstituted in vitro using a biomimetic system composed of recombinant human VDAC isoform 1 (rhV-DAC1) immobilized on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip surface. Two enriched-preparations of (H)ANT (ANT from heart, mainly ANTI) and (L)ANT (ANT from liver, mainly ANT2) isoforms interacted differently with rhVDAC1. Moreover, the pharmacological ANT inhibitors atractyloside and bongkrekic acid modulated this interaction. Thus, ANT-VDAC interaction depends both on ANT isoform identity and on the conformation of ANT. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.