Electrofluorescence switching has attracted much research attention recently due to its potential applications in the areas of ion sensing, bio analysis, fluorescence imaging, and signaling recognition events. This review describes the chemical structure of electrofluorescent polymers their synthetic strategies, and their patterning characteristics. The designs of these polymers are based on fluorescence quenching through an energy transfer between a fluorophore and an acceptor, which is similar to various types of fluorescence-based sensors. Electrofluorescence devices were designed to demonstrate stable switching processes with different durations while measuring the photophysical properties. The patterning process has shown promise if used to create fluorescent displays, sensors, or for security document applications, but an investigation of patternable polymers and related mechanisms remains for future work.