난연제 종류에 따른 연질 폴리우레탄 폼의 난연 특성에 대한 연구

권오덕; 이주찬; 서기석; 서중석; 김상범; Ohdeok Kwon; Ju-Chan Lee; Ki-Seog Seo; Chung-Seok Seo; Sang Bum Kim

Applied Chemistry for Engineering, Vol.24, No.2, 208-213, April, 2013

Export Citation

난연제 종류에 따른 연질 폴리우레탄 폼의 난연 특성에 대한 연구

Effect of Flame Retardants on Flame Retardancy of Flexible Polyurethane Foam

권오덕, 이주찬¹, 서기석¹, 서중석², 김상범 ^{3, †}

현대기아자동차 연구개발 총괄본부
¹한국원자력연구원 핵주기폐기물처리연구부
²한국원자력연구원 핵비확산시스템연구부
³경기대학교 화학공학과

Ohdeok Kwon, Ju-Chan Lee¹, Ki-Seog Seo¹, Chung-Seok Seo², and Sang Bum Kim^{3, †}

Hyundai-Kia Motors Co., Ltd., Hwaseong-city, Gyeonggi-do 445-855, Korea
¹Nuclear Fuel Cycle Waste Treatment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
²Nonproliferation System Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea
³Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 449-760, Korea

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초록

본 연구에서는 인계 난연제가 첨가된 연질 폴리우레탄 폼을 합성하여 난연제의 종류에 따른 난연성능 변화를 고찰하였다. 난연제로는 Tetramethylene bis(orthophosphorylurea) [TBPU]와 Phosphinyl alkylphosphate ester [CR-530], Resorcinol bis diphenylphosphate [RDP], Triethyl phosphate [TEP] 등을 사용하였다. 열중량분석기를 사용하여 난연제에 따른 폴리우레탄 폼의 열분해거동을 알아보았으며, 콘칼로리미터를 이용하여 열방출량, 질량감소율, 연기발생량, CO 및 CO2 발생량 등을 측정하였다. TBPU가 첨가된 폴리우레탄 폼은 난연제가 첨가되지 않은 폴리우레탄 폼에 비하여 낮은 온도 에서 분해가 시작되었으나 고온에서는 많은 양의 char를 생성하였다. 콘칼로리미터 시험 결과 TBPU가 첨가될 경우 평균 발열량, 최대 발열량, 유효연소열, 질량감소율, CO 및 CO2 발생량이 감소하였고 다른 난연제에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타내어 우수한 난연성능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, the effect of phosphorus flame retardants on the flame retardancy of the flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) was investigated. Tetramethylene bis(orthophosphorylurea) [TBPU] and phosphinyl alkylphosphate ester [CR-530], resorcinol bis diphenylphosphate [RDP], triethyl phosphate [TEP] were used as flame retardants. The results of thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) indicate that TBPU added PUF produces more charred residues than the other flame retardant added PUF. It was found that TBPU added PUF exhibits low mean heat release rate (HRR), peak HRR, effective heat of combusion (EHC), mass loss rate (MLR), CO yield and CO2 compared to those other flame retardants.

Keywords:flame retardant;flexible polyurethane foam;thermogravimetric analysis;cone calorimeter;limited oxygen index

[References]

Kim SB, Sin YJ, Kim YH, KIGAS., 5, 79 (2001)
D Drysdale, Fire and cellular polymers, Elsevier Applied Science, London (1987)
Magnusson A, Lundmark S, Andersson A, UTECH Europe., 2006, 63 (2006)
Tang Z, Maroto-Valer MM, Andresen JM, Miller JW, Listemann ML, McDaniel PL, Morita DK, Furlan WR, Polymer, 43(24), 6471 (2002)
Levchik SV, Weil ED, Polym Int., 53, 1585 (2004)
Thirumal M, Singha NK, Khastgir D, Manjunath BS, Naik YP, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 116(4), 2260 (2010)
Liu J, Ma DZ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 84(12), 2206 (2002)
Luchkina LV, Askadskii AA, Bychko KA, Russ. J.Appl. Chem., 78, 1337 (2005)
Mahfuz H, Rangar VK, Islam MS, Jeelani S, Composites. Part A., 35, 453 (2004)
Zatorski W, Brzozowski ZK, Kolbrecki A, Polym. Degrad.Stab., 93, 2071 (2008)
Thirumal M, Khastgir D, Singha NK, J. Macromol. Sci.,Pure Appl. Chem., 46, 704 (2009)
Ni J, Tai Q, Lu H, Poly. Adv. Technol., 21, 392 (2010)
Kim J, Lee K, Bae J, Yang J, Hong S, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 79, 201 (2003)
Jang BN, Choi J, Polym. Sci. Technol., 20(1), 8 (2009)
Modesti M, Zanella L, Lorenzetti A, Bertani R, Gleria M, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 87, 287 (2005)
Lee GW, Kim GE, KIFSE., 17, 76 (2003)
Kramer RH, Zammarano M, Linteris GT, Polym. Degrad.Stab., 95, 1115 (2010)
Kim CH, Seo WJ, Kwon OD, Kim SB, Appl. Chem.Eng., 2, 540 (2011)
Chung YJ, Kim Y, Kim S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15(6), 888 (2009)
Quintire JG, Principles of Fire Behavior, Chap. 5, Cengage Learning, Delmar, U.S.A. (1998)
Chung YJ, Lim HM, Jin E, Oh JK, Appl. Chem. Eng., 22(4), 439 (2011)
Delichatsios M, Paroz B, Bhargava A, Fire Saf. J., 38, 219 (2003)
Spearpoint MJ, Quintiere JG, Combust. Flame, 123(3), 308 (2000)
Lee BG, Lee JH, Bang DS, Elast. Comp., 46, 164 (2011)

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[1] Kim SB, Sin YJ, Kim YH, KIGAS., 5, 79 (2001)

[2] D Drysdale, Fire and cellular polymers, Elsevier Applied Science, London (1987)

[3] Magnusson A, Lundmark S, Andersson A, UTECH Europe., 2006, 63 (2006)

[4] Tang Z, Maroto-Valer MM, Andresen JM, Miller JW, Listemann ML, McDaniel PL, Morita DK, Furlan WR, Polymer, 43(24), 6471 (2002)

[5] Levchik SV, Weil ED, Polym Int., 53, 1585 (2004)

[6] Thirumal M, Singha NK, Khastgir D, Manjunath BS, Naik YP, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 116(4), 2260 (2010)

[7] Liu J, Ma DZ, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 84(12), 2206 (2002)

[8] Luchkina LV, Askadskii AA, Bychko KA, Russ. J.Appl. Chem., 78, 1337 (2005)

[9] Mahfuz H, Rangar VK, Islam MS, Jeelani S, Composites. Part A., 35, 453 (2004)

[10] Zatorski W, Brzozowski ZK, Kolbrecki A, Polym. Degrad.Stab., 93, 2071 (2008)

[11] Thirumal M, Khastgir D, Singha NK, J. Macromol. Sci.,Pure Appl. Chem., 46, 704 (2009)

[12] Ni J, Tai Q, Lu H, Poly. Adv. Technol., 21, 392 (2010)

[13] Kim J, Lee K, Bae J, Yang J, Hong S, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 79, 201 (2003)

[14] Jang BN, Choi J, Polym. Sci. Technol., 20(1), 8 (2009)

[15] Modesti M, Zanella L, Lorenzetti A, Bertani R, Gleria M, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 87, 287 (2005)

[16] Lee GW, Kim GE, KIFSE., 17, 76 (2003)

[17] Kramer RH, Zammarano M, Linteris GT, Polym. Degrad.Stab., 95, 1115 (2010)

[18] Kim CH, Seo WJ, Kwon OD, Kim SB, Appl. Chem.Eng., 2, 540 (2011)

[19] Chung YJ, Kim Y, Kim S, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15(6), 888 (2009)

[20] Quintire JG, Principles of Fire Behavior, Chap. 5, Cengage Learning, Delmar, U.S.A. (1998)

[21] Chung YJ, Lim HM, Jin E, Oh JK, Appl. Chem. Eng., 22(4), 439 (2011)

[22] Delichatsios M, Paroz B, Bhargava A, Fire Saf. J., 38, 219 (2003)

[23] Spearpoint MJ, Quintiere JG, Combust. Flame, 123(3), 308 (2000)

[24] Lee BG, Lee JH, Bang DS, Elast. Comp., 46, 164 (2011)