The metabolism of residual glycerol from biodiesel synthesis by Klebsiella pneumoniae BLh-1 was investigated in this study. Batch and fed-batch cultivations were performed in bioreactors under anaerobic and oxygen limitation conditions. Results of batch cultivations showed that the main product was 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) in both conditions, although the higher yields and productivities (0.46 mol mol(-1) glycerol and 1.22 g L-1 h(-1), respectively) were obtained under anaerobic condition. Large amounts of ethanol were also produced under batch anaerobic condition, peaking at 12.30 g L-1. Batch cultivations under oxygen limitation were characterized by faster growth kinetics, with higher biomass production but lower conversions of glycerol into 1,3-PD, with yields and productivities of 0.33 mol mol(-1) glycerol and 0.99 g L-1 h(-1), respectively. The fed-batch cultivations were carried out in order to investigate the effects of feeding of raw glycerol on cells. Fed-batch under anaerobiosis showed that 1,3-PD and ethanol concentrations increased with the feeding rate, with maximal productions of 26.12 and 19.2 g L-1, respectively. The oxygen limitation conditions diverted the bacterium metabolism to an elevated lactic acid formation, reaching 59 g L-1 in higher feeding rates of glycerol, but lowering the production of ethanol.