Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.135, No.10, 4103-4109, 2013
Azaaldol Condensation of a Lithium Enolate Solvated by N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylenediamine: Dimer-Based 1,2-Addition to Imines
The lithium enolate of tert-amylacetate solvated by N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) is shown to be a doubly chelated dimer. Adding the dimeric enolate to 4-fluorobenzaldehyde-N-phenylimine affords an N-lithiated beta-amino ester shown to be monomeric using Li-6 and N-15 NMR spectroscopies. Rate studies using F-19 NMR spectroscopy reveal reaction orders consistent with a transition structure of stoichiometry [(ROLi)(2)(TMEDA)(2)(imine)](double dagger). Density functional theory computations explore several possible dimer-based transition structures with monodentate and bidentate coordination of TMEDA. Supporting rate studies using trans-N,N,N',N'-1,2-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine showing analogous rates and rate law suggest that TMEDA is fully chelated.