The complex nanostructure of antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) nanobelt bundles (NBBs) were fabricated via a facile ultrasound-assisted room temperature liquid phase chemical route in less than 15 min. The typical morphology of Sb2O3 NNBs is that a lot of nanobelts grow radically from the center of a bundle with lengths around 10 mu m, and the building block of a single nanobelt is below 100 nm in thickness and 100-200 nm in width. Closely inspecting the growth process and crystallographic analysis of as-synthesized product indicates that Sb2O3 NNBs growth mechanism is imperfect oriented attachment. Moreover, as-prepared Sb2O3 NBBs display a significant room temperature photoluminescence (PL) emission band at 373 nm, showing great potential as new functional materials for developing advanced optoelectronic nanodevices. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.