Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil from Thunnus tonggol head by optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology

Sahena Ferdosh; Md Zaidul Islam Sarker; Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman; Md Jahurul Haque Akand; Kashif Ghafoor; Mohamed Bin Awang; Mohd Omar Ab Kadir

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.30, No.7, 1466-1472, July, 2013

DOI10.1007/s11814-013-0070-3 Export Citation

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil from Thunnus tonggol head by optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology

Sahena Ferdosh, Md Zaidul Islam Sarker^{1, †}, Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman², Md Jahurul Haque Akand, Kashif Ghafoor³, Mohamed Bin Awang¹, and Mohd Omar Ab Kadir^†

School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Pinang 11800, Malaysia
¹Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
²School of Distant Education, University Sains Malaysia, Pinang 11800, Malaysia
³Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

E-mail:,

Total oil was extracted from ground fish head of Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at 20 to 40 MPa, 45 to 65 ℃ and 1 to 3 ml min.1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the operating conditions of the SC-CO2 technique where the highest oil yield was obtained (35.6% on dry weight basis) at 40 MPa, 65 ℃, and 3 ml min^(-1). The solubility of the oil in SC-CO2 increased from 2.9 to 14.2g oil/100 g of CO2 with increasing pressure and temperature. The total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids obtained were 41.6, 24.7 and 26.8%, respectively, where the omega-3 fatty acids were found to be 22.3%. A correlation was developed determining the coefficients of the second-order polynomial equation where the extraction parameters of SC-CO2 method to extract fish oil from fish sample were successfully optimized using response surface methodology.

Keywords:Fish Wastes;Thunnus tonggol Head Oil;Supercritical Fluid Extraction;Central Composite Rotatable Design;Correlations

[References]

FAO, Fish and fishery products, June (2008)
DOF, Annual fisheries statistics, Malaysia (2011)
Babbit KJ, Intrinsic Quality and Species of North Pacific Fish, in Making Profits Out of Seafood Wastes, Edited by Keller S, Proceedings of the International Conference on Fish By-Products, Anchorage, AK, April 25-27 (1990)
Saito H, Seike Y, Ioka H, Osako K, Tanaka M, Takashima A, Keriko JM, Souza JCR, Lipids., 40, 941 (2005)
Chantachum S, Benjakul S, Sriwirat N, Food Chem., 69, 289 (2000)
Uauy R, Valenzuela A, Marine oils. The health benefits of n-3 fatty acids, 16, 680 (2000)
Bimbo AP, Production of fish oil, In M. E. Stansby, Fish oil in nutrition, New York, Reinhold Publishing Co., Ltd., 141 (1990)
Moffat CF, McGill AS, Hardy R, Anderson RS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 70, 133 (1993)
Linder M, Fanni J, Parmentier M, Mar. Biotechnol., 7(1), 70 (2005)
Yang GE, Yang Q, Zhao JB, Liu ZZ, Niu B, J. Shanxi Med.Univ., 32, 31 (2001)
Dunford NT, Temelli F, LeBlanc E, J. Food Sci., 62, 289 (1997)
Da Porto C, Voinovich D, Decorti D, Natolino A, J. Supercrit. Fluids., 68, 45 (2012)
Zahedi G, Azarpour A, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 58(1), 40 (2011)
Liu G, Xu X, Hao Q, Gao Y, LWT- Food Sci. Technol., 42, 1491 (2009)
Xu X, Gao Y, Liu G, Wang Q, Zhao J, LWT- Food Sci. Technol., 41, 1223 (2008)
Shao P, Sun P, Ying Y, Food Bioprod. Process., 86, 227 (2008)
Danh LT, Mammucari R, Truong P, Foster N, Chem. Eng. J., 155(3), 617 (2009)
AOAC, 18th Ed., (Horwitz W, Ed.), AOAC, Inc., Arlington, VA (2007)
AOCS, 5th Ed., Firestone D. (Ed.), AOCS Inc. Champaign, IL (2004)
Norulaini NAN, Anuar O, Abbas FMA, Fatehah MO, Omar AKM, Sahena F, Zaidul ISM, Food Bioprod. Process., 87, 152 (2009)
Sahena F, Zaidul ISM, Jinap S, Jahurul MHA, Khatib A, Norulaini NAN, J. Food Eng., 99, 63 (2010)
Aidos I, Masbernat-Martinez S, Luten JB, Boom RM, Padt AVD, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2818 (2002)
Vlieg P, Murray T, NZJ Mar. Freshwater Res., 22(4), 491 (1988)
Bimbo AP, Guidelines for characterizing food-grade fish oils, 9, 5, Hertfordshire, UK (1998)
Snyder JM, Friedrich JP, Christianson DD, J. Am. Oil.Chem. Soc., 61, 1851 (1984)
Devittori C, Gumy D, Kusy A, Colarow L, Bertoli C, Lambelet P, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 77, 573 (2000)
Temelli F, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 47(3), 583 (2009)
Wei ZJ, Liao AM, Zhang HX, Liu J, Jiang ST, Bioresour.Technol., 100, 4219 (2009)
Zaidul ISM, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM, Smith RL, J. Food Eng., 73, 210 (2006)
De Castro MDL, Variance M, Tena MT, Analytical supercritical fluid extraction, Berlin, Springer (1994)
Saldana MDA, Zetzl C, Mohamed RS, Brunner G, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22(2), 119 (2002)
Dobbs JM, Wong JM, Lahiere RJ, Johnston KP, Ind. Eng.Chem. Res., 26, 56 (1987)
Sanchez-Camargo AP, Meireles MAA, Ferreira ALK, Saito E, Cabral FA, J. Supercrit. Fluids., 61, 71 (2012)
Cocero MJ, Calvo L, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 73, 1573 (1996)
Olimpio M, Maria Dolores M, Carmen ML, Luis ML, Casimiro M, Miguel R, De la O, Enrique M, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 9701 (2005)
Shi J, Yi C, Xue SJ, Jiang Y, Ma Y, Li D, J. Food Eng., 93, 431 (2009)
Arul J, Boudreau A, Makhlouf J, Tardif R, Sahasrabudhe MR, J. Food Sci., 52, 1231 (1987)
Prausnitz JM, Inst. Chem. Eng. Trans., 59, 3 (1981)
Medir M, Giralt F, Am. Ins. Chem. Eng. J., 28, 341 (1982)
Stahl E, Quirin KW, Gerald D, Dense gases for extraction and refining, Springer-Verlag, New York (1988)
Walsh JM, Greenfield ML, Ikonomou GD, Donohue MD, Chem. Eng. Com., 86, 124 (1989)
Intarasirisawat R, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Food Chem., 124, 1328 (2011)

[Referenced By]

[1] FAO, Fish and fishery products, June (2008)

[2] DOF, Annual fisheries statistics, Malaysia (2011)

[3] Babbit KJ, Intrinsic Quality and Species of North Pacific Fish, in Making Profits Out of Seafood Wastes, Edited by Keller S, Proceedings of the International Conference on Fish By-Products, Anchorage, AK, April 25-27 (1990)

[4] Saito H, Seike Y, Ioka H, Osako K, Tanaka M, Takashima A, Keriko JM, Souza JCR, Lipids., 40, 941 (2005)

[5] Chantachum S, Benjakul S, Sriwirat N, Food Chem., 69, 289 (2000)

[6] Uauy R, Valenzuela A, Marine oils. The health benefits of n-3 fatty acids, 16, 680 (2000)

[7] Bimbo AP, Production of fish oil, In M. E. Stansby, Fish oil in nutrition, New York, Reinhold Publishing Co., Ltd., 141 (1990)

[8] Moffat CF, McGill AS, Hardy R, Anderson RS, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 70, 133 (1993)

[9] Linder M, Fanni J, Parmentier M, Mar. Biotechnol., 7(1), 70 (2005)

[10] Yang GE, Yang Q, Zhao JB, Liu ZZ, Niu B, J. Shanxi Med.Univ., 32, 31 (2001)

[11] Dunford NT, Temelli F, LeBlanc E, J. Food Sci., 62, 289 (1997)

[12] Da Porto C, Voinovich D, Decorti D, Natolino A, J. Supercrit. Fluids., 68, 45 (2012)

[13] Zahedi G, Azarpour A, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 58(1), 40 (2011)

[14] Liu G, Xu X, Hao Q, Gao Y, LWT- Food Sci. Technol., 42, 1491 (2009)

[15] Xu X, Gao Y, Liu G, Wang Q, Zhao J, LWT- Food Sci. Technol., 41, 1223 (2008)

[16] Shao P, Sun P, Ying Y, Food Bioprod. Process., 86, 227 (2008)

[17] Danh LT, Mammucari R, Truong P, Foster N, Chem. Eng. J., 155(3), 617 (2009)

[18] AOAC, 18th Ed., (Horwitz W, Ed.), AOAC, Inc., Arlington, VA (2007)

[19] AOCS, 5th Ed., Firestone D. (Ed.), AOCS Inc. Champaign, IL (2004)

[20] Norulaini NAN, Anuar O, Abbas FMA, Fatehah MO, Omar AKM, Sahena F, Zaidul ISM, Food Bioprod. Process., 87, 152 (2009)

[21] Sahena F, Zaidul ISM, Jinap S, Jahurul MHA, Khatib A, Norulaini NAN, J. Food Eng., 99, 63 (2010)

[22] Aidos I, Masbernat-Martinez S, Luten JB, Boom RM, Padt AVD, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2818 (2002)

[23] Vlieg P, Murray T, NZJ Mar. Freshwater Res., 22(4), 491 (1988)

[24] Bimbo AP, Guidelines for characterizing food-grade fish oils, 9, 5, Hertfordshire, UK (1998)

[25] Snyder JM, Friedrich JP, Christianson DD, J. Am. Oil.Chem. Soc., 61, 1851 (1984)

[26] Devittori C, Gumy D, Kusy A, Colarow L, Bertoli C, Lambelet P, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 77, 573 (2000)

[27] Temelli F, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 47(3), 583 (2009)

[28] Wei ZJ, Liao AM, Zhang HX, Liu J, Jiang ST, Bioresour.Technol., 100, 4219 (2009)

[29] Zaidul ISM, Norulaini NAN, Omar AKM, Smith RL, J. Food Eng., 73, 210 (2006)

[30] De Castro MDL, Variance M, Tena MT, Analytical supercritical fluid extraction, Berlin, Springer (1994)

[31] Saldana MDA, Zetzl C, Mohamed RS, Brunner G, J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22(2), 119 (2002)

[32] Dobbs JM, Wong JM, Lahiere RJ, Johnston KP, Ind. Eng.Chem. Res., 26, 56 (1987)

[33] Sanchez-Camargo AP, Meireles MAA, Ferreira ALK, Saito E, Cabral FA, J. Supercrit. Fluids., 61, 71 (2012)

[34] Cocero MJ, Calvo L, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 73, 1573 (1996)

[35] Olimpio M, Maria Dolores M, Carmen ML, Luis ML, Casimiro M, Miguel R, De la O, Enrique M, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 9701 (2005)

[36] Shi J, Yi C, Xue SJ, Jiang Y, Ma Y, Li D, J. Food Eng., 93, 431 (2009)

[37] Arul J, Boudreau A, Makhlouf J, Tardif R, Sahasrabudhe MR, J. Food Sci., 52, 1231 (1987)

[38] Prausnitz JM, Inst. Chem. Eng. Trans., 59, 3 (1981)

[39] Medir M, Giralt F, Am. Ins. Chem. Eng. J., 28, 341 (1982)

[40] Stahl E, Quirin KW, Gerald D, Dense gases for extraction and refining, Springer-Verlag, New York (1988)

[41] Walsh JM, Greenfield ML, Ikonomou GD, Donohue MD, Chem. Eng. Com., 86, 124 (1989)

[42] Intarasirisawat R, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W, Food Chem., 124, 1328 (2011)