Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.117, No.20, 4198-4213, 2013
Molecular Mechanisms in the Pyrolysis of Unsaturated Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: Formation of Benzene Rings. 2. Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Studies
The mechanism of formation of benzene rings during the pyrolysis of dichloro- and trichloroethylenes has been investigated by the method of laser powered homogeneous pyrolysis coupled with product analysis by gas chromatography. Additionally, selected (co)pyrolyses between the chlorinated ethylenes, CH2Cl2, C4Cl4, C4Cl6, and C2H2 have been performed to explicitly probe the roles of 2C(3) and C-4/C-2 reaction pairs in aromatic growth. The presence of odd-carbon products in neat C4Cl6 pyrolyses indicates that 2C(3) processes are operative in these systems; however, comparison with product yields from C2HCl3 suggests that C-4/C-2 processes dominate most other systems. This is further evidenced by an absence of C-3 and other odd-carbon species in (co)pyrolyses with dichloromethane which should seed C-3-based growth. The reactions of perchlorinated C-4 species C4Cl5, C4Cl3, and C4Cl4 with C2Cl2 were subsequently explored through extensive kinetic simulations of the possible reaction pathways based on previous kinetic models and the exhaustive quantum chemical investigations of our preceding work. The experimental and theoretical results strongly suggest that, at moderate temperatures, aromatic ring formation from chlorinated ethylenes normally follows a Die Is Alder coupling of C4 and C-2 molecular units followed by internal shifts; the one exception is the C4Cl4 + C2Cl2 system, where steric factors lead to the formation of nonaromatic products. There is little evidence for radical-based routes in these systems.