Ytterbium-doped Sr5(PO4)3F transparent ceramics have been developed through spark plasma sintering (SPS) with a low sintering temperature and short dwelling time. The XRD patterns show a polycrystalline hexagonal phase, and the TEM microstructure characterization indicates that the ceramics have a narrow grain size distribution which ranges from 40 to 200nm, with an average grain size around 150nm. The transmittance of a 2mm thick ceramic sample is measured to be 74% at 1000nm by a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Furthermore, there is a strong emission peak around 1040nm which has a lifetime of 1.06ms and is exhibited by a PL spectrometer with the 980nm laser diode excitation.