The development of a low NO. burner incorporating a jet pump for flue gas recirculation and operated with 1100 K air preheat is described. NOx emissions of 25 50 ppmv (3% O-2) and CO emissions below 50 ppmv are attained by the combination of fuel-rich/fuel-lean combustion sequencing and flue gas recirculation. Following the conceptual design of the burner, mathematical modelling was used to determine the ignition delay and the extent of conversion of bound nitrogen species to molecular nitrogen in the fuel-rich stage of the flame for the effects of the fuel equivalence ratio, air preheat, flue gas recirculation and residence time. Also, the NOx emission from the burner was computed as a function of the mode of admixing the residual burner air with the products of the fuel-rich pyrolysis. The modelling assisted the design of a 1.0 MWt experimental burner and guided the experimental studies in the MIT Combustion Research Facility. Based on these developments, the Staged Air Recirculating (StAR) burner has been installed on several high-temperature furnaces in the metals processing industry.