혼합냉매 혼합비에 따른 천연가스 액화공정 성능 비교

김민진; 이경범; 유준; Min Jin Kim; Gyeong Beom Yi; Jay Liu

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.51, No.6, 677-684, December, 2013

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혼합냉매 혼합비에 따른 천연가스 액화공정 성능 비교

Determination of Mixing Ratio of Mixed Refrigerants and Performance Analysis of Natural Gas Liquefaction Processes

김민진, 이경범 , 유준^†

부경대학교 화학공학과, 608-739 부산광역시 남구 신선로 365

Min Jin Kim, Gyeong Beom Yi , and Jay Liu^†

Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 608-739, Korea

E-mail:

초록

혼합냉매를 사용하여 천연가스를 액화하는 혼합냉매공정(Mixed refrigerant cycle, MRC)은 공정이 간단하고 장치비가 적게 들며 운전 또한 용이하여 널리 채택되고 있는 공정이다. MRC에서 중요한 기술 중 하나는 혼합냉매를 선택하고 최적의 혼합비를 결정하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 일반적인 MRC에서 혼합냉매와 혼합냉매의 혼합비가 공정의 성능에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 통계적 기법 중 실험계획법의 하나인 혼합물 설계와 반응 표면법을 이용하여 전체 공정의 에너지 소비가 최소가 되게 하는 최적의 냉매를 선택하고 그 혼합비를 결정하였다. 여러 냉매와 혼합비에 따른 MRC 공정의 모사는 Aspen HYSYS를 사용하였으며 혼합물설계와 반응 표면법은 Minitab을 사용하였다. 연구결과 냉매로는 methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane (C3)과 nitrogen (N2)가 선택되었으며 에너지 소비를 최소화하는 혼합비(몰 비) 또한 구할 수 있었다.

A mixed refrigerant cycle (MRC) has been widely used in liquefaction of natural gas because it is simple and easily operable with reasonable equipment costs. One of the important techniques in MRC is selection of a refrigerant mixture and decision of its optimum mixing ratio. In this work, it is examined whether mixture components (refrigerants) and their mixing ratio influence performance of general MRC processes. In doing this, mixture design and response surface method, which are well-known statistical techniques, are used to find optimal mixture refrigerants and their optimal mixing ratio that minimize total energy consumption of the entire liquefaction process. A MRC process using several refrigerants and various mixing ratios is simulated by Aspen HYSYS and mixture design and response surface method are implemented using Minitab. According to the results, methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane (C3) and nitrogen (N2) are selected as best mixture refrigerants and the determined mixture ratio (mole ration) can reduce total energy consumption by up to 50%.

Keywords:Mixed Refrigerant Cycle;Liquefied Natural Gas;Design of Experiment;Optimization;Mixture Design;Response Surface Method

[References]

Chang HS, Lee BN, Gu BS, Construction & Economy Research Institute of Korea., 19, 2 (2007)
Cha JH, Lee JC, Roh MI, Lee KY, Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea., 47(5), 733 (2010)
Shukri T, Hydrocarbon Engineering., 9(2), 71 (2004)
Kirillov NG, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering., 40, 7 (2004)
Cao WS, Lu XS, Lin WS, Gu AZ, Appl. Therm. Eng., 26, 898 (2006)
Barclay MA, Yang CC, “Offshore LNG: The Perfect Starting Point for the 2-phase Expander,” Offshore technology conference (2006)
Finn AJ, Johnson GL, Tomlinson TR, “LNG Technology for Offshore and Mid-Scale Plants. Proceedings of the Seventy-Ninth Annual Convention of the Gas Processors Association,” Atlanta, Georgia, March 13-15, 429 (2000)
Kennett AJ, Limb DI, Czarnecki BA “Offshore Liquefaction of Associated Gas - A Suitable Process for the North Sea,” 13th Annual OTC in Houston, 31 (1981)
Little WA, Method for Efficient Counter-current Heat Exchange Using Optimized Mixtures. U.S. Patent 5,644,502 (1997)
Alexeev A, Quack H, Refrigerant mixture for a mixturethrottling process. U.S. Patent 6,513,338 (2003)
Gong MQ, Luo EC, Zhou Y, Liang JT, Zhang L, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering., 45, 283 (2000)
Boiarskii M, Khatri A, Kovalenko V, Cryocoolers., 10, 457 (1999)
Cao WS, Lu XS, Lin WS, Gu AZ, Appl. Therm. Eng., 26, 898 (2006)
Helgestad DE, Modelling and optimization of the C3MR process for liquefaction of natural gas, Process Systems Engineering - Specialization Project Fall (2009)
Robert CR, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company (1987)
Venkatarathnam G, Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes, Springer (2008)
Jung in Yoon et al., Characteristics of Cascade and C3MR Cycle on Natural Gas Liquefaction Process, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 35 (2009)
Park CC, et al., Characteristics of LNG Refrigeration on two-stage Cascade Cryogenic Cycle by using C3MR Refrigerant, SAREK, 53 (2011)
Lee, K.-Y., et al., Comput.Chem. Eng., 49(11), 25 (2013)
Eretech, Perfect Business with new Minitab (2005)
Kim EJ, et al., SAREK., 729 (2009)

[Related Articles]

[1] Chang HS, Lee BN, Gu BS, Construction & Economy Research Institute of Korea., 19, 2 (2007)

[2] Cha JH, Lee JC, Roh MI, Lee KY, Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea., 47(5), 733 (2010)

[3] Shukri T, Hydrocarbon Engineering., 9(2), 71 (2004)

[4] Kirillov NG, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering., 40, 7 (2004)

[5] Cao WS, Lu XS, Lin WS, Gu AZ, Appl. Therm. Eng., 26, 898 (2006)

[6] Barclay MA, Yang CC, “Offshore LNG: The Perfect Starting Point for the 2-phase Expander,” Offshore technology conference (2006)

[7] Finn AJ, Johnson GL, Tomlinson TR, “LNG Technology for Offshore and Mid-Scale Plants. Proceedings of the Seventy-Ninth Annual Convention of the Gas Processors Association,” Atlanta, Georgia, March 13-15, 429 (2000)

[8] Kennett AJ, Limb DI, Czarnecki BA “Offshore Liquefaction of Associated Gas - A Suitable Process for the North Sea,” 13th Annual OTC in Houston, 31 (1981)

[9] Little WA, Method for Efficient Counter-current Heat Exchange Using Optimized Mixtures. U.S. Patent 5,644,502 (1997)

[10] Alexeev A, Quack H, Refrigerant mixture for a mixturethrottling process. U.S. Patent 6,513,338 (2003)

[11] Gong MQ, Luo EC, Zhou Y, Liang JT, Zhang L, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering., 45, 283 (2000)

[12] Boiarskii M, Khatri A, Kovalenko V, Cryocoolers., 10, 457 (1999)

[13] Cao WS, Lu XS, Lin WS, Gu AZ, Appl. Therm. Eng., 26, 898 (2006)

[14] Helgestad DE, Modelling and optimization of the C3MR process for liquefaction of natural gas, Process Systems Engineering - Specialization Project Fall (2009)

[15] Robert CR, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company (1987)

[16] Venkatarathnam G, Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes, Springer (2008)

[17] Jung in Yoon et al., Characteristics of Cascade and C3MR Cycle on Natural Gas Liquefaction Process, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 35 (2009)

[18] Park CC, et al., Characteristics of LNG Refrigeration on two-stage Cascade Cryogenic Cycle by using C3MR Refrigerant, SAREK, 53 (2011)

[19] Lee, K.-Y., et al., Comput.Chem. Eng., 49(11), 25 (2013)

[20] Eretech, Perfect Business with new Minitab (2005)

[21] Kim EJ, et al., SAREK., 729 (2009)