The process and mechanisms of secondary hydrocarbon migration in the Tazhong uplift, Tarim Basin, were investigated based on the analysis of the regional structure and by integrating geologic, hydrodynamic, and geochemical parameters. Parameters successfully analyzed included the fluid potential, fluid properties, production outputs, and diamantane index. The results indicated that hydrocarbons migrated into the Tazhong uplift from the northern part of the Manjiaer depression through a series of injection points (IPs) during four orogenies, that is, the early Caledonian (510 Ma), the late Caledonian (439 Ma), the late Hercynian-Indosinian (290 Ma), and the Yanshanian-Himalayan (208 Ma). A total of six IPs were identified at the intersections of the northeast-trending faults and the northwest-trending flower strike faults. The hydrocarbons migrated from the IPs into traps along regional trends from northwest to southeast and from northeast to southwest. The hydrocarbon migration process and patterns determined the distribution of hydrocarbon properties and production rates in the Tazhong uplift. With increasing distance from the IPs, daily hydrocarbon production decreases, and the hydrocarbons become progressively heavier and display lower gas:oil ratios.