Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) has the capability of offering time-evolving multidimensional comprehensive process knowledge, enrichment of fundamental process understanding and enhancement of the design and operation of process equipment by measuring the conductivity distribution within a process-plant of interest. This paper reviews the wide variety of previous work on ERT applications to Chemical Engineering. The applications are categorized based on the unit operations ERT has been applied to, the media under investigation, the purpose of ERT measurements and also other technologies used in conjunction with ERT. The aim of this taxonomy is to provide the reader with a general understanding of the current situation of ERT related research and proven applications in the Chemical Engineering field and to facilitate the recognition of research gaps for future investigation. Based on this detailed taxonomy and review the potential application of ERT to the milk powder processing industry was identified. Some results of the application of ERT to milk mixing/holding tanks and milk flow pipelines for the purpose of concentration and composition measurements, detection of abnormalities and faults, and multidimensional flow and velocity profile measurements have also been presented as a case study of using this taxonomy. (C) 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.