We review the effect that various structures and composites synthesized by spray pyrolysis have on the electrochemical performance of next-generation electrodes for medium and large lithium ion batteries. The morphologies of electrode particles in particular have a strong influence on the capacity, power, safety, and cycle life. Recent progress in improving the electrochemical performance of electrodes is provided with a particular focus on electrodes composed of nanoparticles, core-shell or yolk-shell structures, and carbon-based composites. Finally, we propose a direction for future research for high-performance lithium ion batteries incorporating fabrication by spray pyrolysis. (c) 2014 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.