MicroRNAs have been proposed as novel regulators of vascular inflammation and dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the role of miR-149 in regulating the expression of key molecules associated with TNF alpha-induced endothelial activation. miR-149 was selected by in silico analysis and microRNA target prediction. Endothelial dysfunction was induced by TNF alpha treatment in Eahy926 endothelial cells and HUVEC. miR-149 level was evaluated by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was measured by zymography, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) by immunoblotting, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) by ELISA. miR-149 regulatory effect was evaluated by gain-of-function technique upon miR-149 mimics transfection. TNF alpha down-modulated miR-149 level in Eahy926 and HUVEC. This effect was significantly abolished in Eahy926 by treatment with p38MAPK inhibitor. miR-149 mimic transfection counteracted the TNF alpha-induced expression of MMP-9, iNOS and IL-6. No effect was detected on IL-8 expression. Our results suggest that miR-149 represents an important new regulator of endothelial function through negative regulation of molecules associated with TNF alpha-induced endothelial dysfunction. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.