This research had as objective the use of an adsorbent organoclay to remove the phenol compound, found on a large scale in aqueous effluents of petrochemical industries. The particular clay studied, called Chocolate,' originated in the Northeast Region of Brazil, from Campina Grande, Paraiba. Initially the clay sample was treated with sodium carbonate in an aqueous suspension, according to an experimental design (with the variables, sodium concentration, contact time and system temperature). The sodium-containing clay was then treated with a quaternary ammonium salt solution. The adsorption capacity of phenol in this organoclay was estimated using the Langmuir-Freundlich Equation. The adsorptive efficiency, for the best conditions, was approximately 80% of phenol removed from the aqueous phase. The experimental data was fitted to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. X-ray diffraction results showed that the basal spacing of natural Chocolate clay and organophilic Chocolate clay were 1.549 and 2.092nm, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity, with experiments at pH 8.3, at room temperature (27 degrees C), was equal to 12.287mgg(-1).