고농축에멀션중합방법을 이용한 분리막제조와 선택적 흡수성 연구

박준서

Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.8, No.1, 29-38, February, 1997

Preparation of Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Composites by A Concentrated Emulsion Polymerization Method and Their Permselectivity to Mixture of Water-Ethanol

박준서

초록

고농축에멀션중합방법을 이용하여 친수성-친유성 고분자복합소재를 합성하였다. w/o 형태의 고농축에멀션의 연속상은 styrene이며, 분산상은 수용성 acrylamide용액으로 분산상의 부피분율이 0.74 이상이다. 중합온도에서 에멀션의 안정성에 미치는 주요 요인들로는 친유성액체와 친수성액체의 물리화학적 특성인 극성, pH, 이온세기 및 계면활성제의 종류와 농도가 있다. 친유성액체와 친수성액체 사이의 계면장력이나 친수성액체와 계면활성제 수용액사이의 계면장력에 있어 계면장력의 값이 큰 경우는 높은 에멀션의 안정성을 나타낸다. 계면활성제의 HLB가 3.0∼9.0 경우와 계면활성제의 농도가 CMC가 이상에서 에멀션이 높은 안정성을 나타낸다. 전자현미경을 이용한 조사에 의하며 복합재료는 분산상의 Poly acrylamide입자가 망상구조의 얇은 polystyrene필림에 의해 분리된 구조로 이루어져 있음을 보여주고 있다. 고농축에멀션에서부터 합성된 고분자복합재료막은 물-에탄온 혼합물에서 물에 대해서 높은 선택성을 나타내었으며, 또 에탄올의 농도가 증가할수록 막의 선택도는 증가하였으나 투과속도는 감소함을 나타내었다.

In the w/o concentrated emulsion, the volume fraction of the dispersed is greater than 0.74 and the hydrophilic liquid is dispersed in the hydrophobic liquid of the continuous phase. The emulsion has the same appearance and behaviour as a gel. The polarity of the hydrophilic liquids and hydrophobic liquids, the pH and the ionic strength of the hydrophilic liquid are found to be important factors in the stability at the polymerization temperature such as 50℃. The lower the polarity of the hydrophobic liquid and the higher the polarity of the hydrophilic liquid, the more stable the emulsion. Electron microscopy studies of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymer composites show that the particles of polyacrylamide, the dispersed phase, are separated by he network of the thin film of polystyrene, the continuous phase. This hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymer composites show higher permselectivity to water in the mixture of water-ethanol. The pervaporation experiment shows that the selectivity of the membrane ranges between 4-40 and increases with increasing enthanol concentration in the feed. The rate of permeation decreases with increasing ethanol concentration in the feed

[References]

Manson JA, Sperling LH, "Polymer Blends and Composites," Plenum, New York (1976)
Paul R, Newman S, "Polymer Blends," I and II, Academic Press, New York (1978)
Sheldon RP, "Composite Polymeric Materials," Applied Science Publisher, London (1982)
Battaerd MAJ, Tregear TW, "Graft Copolymers," Interscience, New York (1967)
Sperling LH, Friedman DW, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 7, 425 (1969)
Matsuo M, Jpn. Plast., 2, 6 (1968)
Aptel P, Challard N, Cuny J, J. Membr. Sci., 9, 191 (1981)
Tealdo GC, Canepa P, Munari S, J. Membr. Sci., 9, 197 (1981)
Hirotsu T, Nakajima S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 36, 177 (1988)
Lissant KJ, "Emulsion and Emulsion Technology," Marcel Dekker, New York, 6, ch. 1 (1974)
Princen HM, Arson MD, Moser JC, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 75, 246 (1980)
Griffin WC, "Emulsion," Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed., 9, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981)
Lissant KJ, Mayhan KG, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 42, 201 (1973)
Ruckenstein E, Park JS, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 26, 529 (1988)
Higuchi WI, Misra J, J. Pharm. Sci., 459, 51 (1962)
Vold RD, Mittal KL, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 38, 451 (1972)
Rosen MJ, "Surfactant and Interfacial Phenomena," 2nd Ed., New York (1989)
Becher P, "Emulsions, Theory, and Practice," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York (1965)
Harkins WD, Brown FE, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 41, 499 (1919)
Park JS, Ruckenstein E, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 38, 453 (1989)

[1] Manson JA, Sperling LH, "Polymer Blends and Composites," Plenum, New York (1976)

[2] Paul R, Newman S, "Polymer Blends," I and II, Academic Press, New York (1978)

[3] Sheldon RP, "Composite Polymeric Materials," Applied Science Publisher, London (1982)

[4] Battaerd MAJ, Tregear TW, "Graft Copolymers," Interscience, New York (1967)

[5] Sperling LH, Friedman DW, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 7, 425 (1969)

[6] Matsuo M, Jpn. Plast., 2, 6 (1968)

[7] Aptel P, Challard N, Cuny J, J. Membr. Sci., 9, 191 (1981)

[8] Tealdo GC, Canepa P, Munari S, J. Membr. Sci., 9, 197 (1981)

[9] Hirotsu T, Nakajima S, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 36, 177 (1988)

[10] Lissant KJ, "Emulsion and Emulsion Technology," Marcel Dekker, New York, 6, ch. 1 (1974)

[11] Princen HM, Arson MD, Moser JC, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 75, 246 (1980)

[12] Griffin WC, "Emulsion," Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd Ed., 9, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1981)

[13] Lissant KJ, Mayhan KG, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 42, 201 (1973)

[14] Ruckenstein E, Park JS, J. Polym. Sci. C: Polym. Lett., 26, 529 (1988)

[15] Higuchi WI, Misra J, J. Pharm. Sci., 459, 51 (1962)

[16] Vold RD, Mittal KL, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 38, 451 (1972)

[17] Rosen MJ, "Surfactant and Interfacial Phenomena," 2nd Ed., New York (1989)

[18] Becher P, "Emulsions, Theory, and Practice," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York (1965)

[19] Harkins WD, Brown FE, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 41, 499 (1919)

[20] Park JS, Ruckenstein E, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 38, 453 (1989)