The use of detailed chemical reaction mechanisms of aviation fuels is still very limited in analyzing the combustion process concerning complex multidimensional fluid dynamics issues. In this work, a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism containing 210 elemental reactions (including 92 reversible reactions and 26 irreversible reactions) and 50 species was introduced and studied in the kinetic simulation of the ignition and combustion of n-decane (n-C10H22) at various combustion regimes. Moreover, it was validated with the experimental results obtained from both premixed flame of a flat-flame burner and n-C10H22 shock-tube ignition. The results show that the calculated ignition delay time of fuel n-C10H22 in the shock-tube under typical conditions viz. a pressure of 12 or 50 bar and corresponding equivalence ratio at 1.0 or 2.0, as well as the calculated mole fractions of the main reactants and products of fuel n-C10H22 in the premixed combustion process, agree very well with the experimental data. The combustion processes in the single flame tube of a tube annular combustor were simulated through coupling this reduced reaction mechanism of surrogate fuel n-C10H22 and one step reaction mechanism of surrogate fuel C12H23 into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, and this combustion process was also experimentally studied. It is found that the reduced reaction mechanism exhibits clear advantages in simulating the combustion processes and certain species formation in the single flame tube over the one step reaction mechanism. In particular, the temperature radial distribution at the outlet of the single flame tube computed by using reduced reaction mechanism of surrogate fuel n-C10H22 is found to be more reasonable and agreed better with the experimental data than that computed by one step reaction mechanism of surrogate fuel C12H23.