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Current Applied Physics, Vol.14, S63-S68, 2014
Post-annealing effect on the reactively sputter-grown CIGS thin films and its influence to solar cell performance
Using a reactive co-sputtering from Cu0.6Ga0.4 and Cu0.4In0.6 alloy targets, we prepared CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) thin films on Mo/soda-lime glass (SLG) in association with a thermal cracker for elemental atomic Se radicals. The film growth was performed at 500 degrees C for 90 min. To achieve the composition ratio of CIGS absorber layer, Cu0.6Ga0.4 target was set at RF power of 50 W, 60 W, 70 W, and 80 W while keeping at 100 W for Cu0.4In0.6 alloy target. Post-annealing was done for all the CIGS films at 550 degrees C for 30 min. The composition ratio of [Cu]/[In + Ga] and [Ga]/[In + Ga] was increased with RF power but showed no change after post-annealing. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed all the samples has grown dominantly in the [112] crystal orientation. We found the Cu2-xSe and (InGa)(2-x)Se-3 defect phase both at the surface and in the bulk, and developed with post-annealing. From the devices fabricated in the structure of grid/ITO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/soda-lime glass (SLG), the external quantum efficiency (EQE) was observed to improve in the wavelength, lambda >= 550 nm in the samples treated with annealing. In the current-voltage (J-V) measurements, the solar cell showed the best performance of FF = 54.1%, V-oc = 0.48 V, J(sc) = 33.1 mA/cm(2) and eta = 8.5% in the sample with [Cu]/[In + Ga] = 0.84 that improved largely from eta = 4.6% for the solar cell with an as-grown CIGS films. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Reactive co-sputtering;CIGS;Composition ratio;Solar cell;Post-annealing;External quantum efficiency