Quick coal liquefaction at high temperature is a novel method of coal direct liquefaction, which is based on the initial highly reactive characteristics at the beginning of coal liquefaction reaction and the different chemical bond energy in molecular structure of coal, so the essence of coal liquefaction can be essentially revealed by the method. The catalyst plays a key role in the coal liquefaction process. Taking Yanzhou coal as a case, this article studies the effect of homemade iron-based catalyst on quick coal liquefaction at high temperature in a micro autoclave for the first time.