It is our pleasure to present this special issue of Heat Transfer Engineering based on the selected papers presented at the first International Conference on Thermal Energy and Environment held during March 24-26, 2011, at Kalasalingam University, Srivilliputhur, Tamil Nadu, India. The conference was jointly sponsored by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, Indian National Science Academy (INSA), New Delhi, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Mumbai, and Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi.