The effect of molecular orientation on cold crystallization of amorphous crystallizable polymers was examined using poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) films drawn to different draw ratios and strain rates. A combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to examine structural evolution and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. The cold crystallization temperature (T-c), cold crystallization exotherm (Delta H-c), and subsequent melting temperature (T-m) were carefully correlated to the overall molecular orientation. For the first time, the overall molecular orientation was shown to have an inverse relationship to the cold crystallization temperature, as well as the cold crystallization exotherm. Nonisothermal cold crystallization has not occurred when the overall orientation exceeded the critical value of 0.43. The kinetics of nonisothermal cold crystallization of PTT with a different overall molecular orientation has been investigated and the Avrami equation has been applied to evaluate the kinetic parameters. An increase in the rate constant and a decrease in the Avrami exponent suggested that cold crystallization is faster for a PTT film with a high overall molecular orientation and a change in growth geometry with orientation. This study demonstrates that overall molecular orientation affects the cold crystallization kinetics of amorphous-crystallizable polymers.