도시 소각로 쓰레기 소각후 생성된 폐가스 및 비산재중에 포함된 아이옥신류의 측정 및 특성고찰

임채현; 김희택; 손정현; 장윤석

Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.8, No.5, 790-795, October, 1997

Export Citation

도시 소각로 쓰레기 소각후 생성된 폐가스 및 비산재중에 포함된 아이옥신류의 측정 및 특성고찰

Characteristics and Sampling of Dioxins/Furans from Emission Gas and Fly Ash Produced in Municipal Waste Incinerator

임채현, 김희택, 손정현, 장윤석

초록

일반적으로 독성물질의 전형으로 알려진 다이옥신은 다양한 경로로 발생하여 인간과 환경에 유입되지만 대부분은 연소과정에서 발생된다. 본 실험에서는 EPA 방법에 의해 쓰레기 소각 처리후 생성된 폐가스와 비산재에 함유된 다이옥신류의 분포형태를 조사하고, 보다 효율적인 시료채취와 전처리 방법을 살펴보았다. 가스시료는 등속흡인하여 포집하였으며, 전 처리시 고체, 액체시료는 각각 속실렛과 액-액 추출법으로 추출하고 실리카겔, 알루미나, 활성탄 칼럼으로 정제한 후 고분해능 가스크로마토그래피/질량분석기(HRGC/H-RMS)로 분석하였다. 굴뚝 배출가스의 등속흡인결과 상대오차율이 평균 96.5%로서 안정적으로 시료가 흡인되었음을 확인하였으며, 폐가스와 비산재에서 측정된 다이옥신과 퓨란류는 선진국과 유사한 패턴을 나타냈다. 굴뚝 배출가스중 다이옥신과 퓨랸의 양은 각각 1076.20pg/Nm³과 1452.34pg/Nm³으로 나타났다. 주로 염소원자 7∼8개로 치환된 이성체가 많았으며, 독성이 가장 강한 2,3,7,8-TCDD는 8.84pg/Nm³으로서 전체 양의 0.64%를 차지해 비교적 낮게 확인되었다.

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofuranfurans are the archetype of toxin chemicals. So it has absorbed public attention. The majors primary sources of PCDDS and PCDFs are chemical, thermal and photochemical reactions. Municipal solid waste incinerator facilities has been reported as the major contributors of dioxins to the environment. In this paper, Dioxids and furans were examined emission gas and fly ash produced during combustion in municipal solid waste incinerator. More effective method for sampling, extraction was described. The sample was extracted using a soxhlet method and purified using silicagel, alumina and carbon fibre HPLC to remove interfering compound. The extract was then analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. The result of this study showed recovery standard was good and the data resembled those of thermal processes. Total dioxins and furans were 1076.20 pg/Nm³ and 1452.34 pg/Nm³ respectively. The amount of highly chlorinated compound was more than that of lowly chlorinated compound. The 2,3,7,8-substituted TCDD was Just 0.34% of the total dioxins/furans amount.

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[1] Mclachlan MS, Organohalogen Compd., 26, 105 (1995)

[2] Rappe C, Organohalogen Compd., 12, 163 (1993)

[3] Webster B, Commoner B, Dioxin and Health, Chapter 1. The Dioxin Debate (1994)

[4] Raws RL, Chem. Eng. News, 6, 23 (1983)

[5] Steph S, D. Phil. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 51 (1990)

[6] Clement RE, Anal. Chem., 63, 1130 (1991)

[7] IARC Monographs, PCDD and PCDF, 69 (1997)

[8] Rappe C, Chemosphere, 27, 211 (1993)

[9] Rappe C, Chemosphere, 25, 41 (1992)

[10] Paasivirta J, Water Sci. Technol., 20, 119 (1988)

[11] Rappe C, Bergqvist PA, Kjeller LO, Chemosphere, 18, 651 (1989)

[12] Amendola G, Barna D, Blosser D, Lafleur L, MacBride A, Thomas F, Tiernan T, Whittemore R, Chemosphere, 18, 1181 (1989)

[13] Hileman B, Chem. Eng. News, 72(19), 6 (1994)

[14] Kjeller LO, Jones KC, Johnston AE, Rappe C, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 1398 (1996)

[15] Rappe C, J. Anal. Chem., 384, 63 (1994)

[16] U.S. EPA. Municipal Waste Combusion Study Report to Congress, PA-530/SW-87-021a (1987)

[17] Lilienfeld DE, Gallo MA. 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD; an overview, Epidemiol Rev. 1, 28-58 (1989)

[18] Karasek FW, Hutzinger O, Anal. Chem., 58, 633A (1986)

[19] Blankenship A, Chang DPY, Jones AD, Kelly PB, Kennedy IM, Matsumura F, Pasek R, Yang G, Chemosphere, 28, 183 (1994)

[20] Schecter A, Furst P, Furst C, Grachev M, Bein A, Koptug V, Chemosphere, 25, 2009 (1992)

[21] Schaum JD, Cleverly M, Lorber L, Organohalogen Compd., 14, 319

[22] Naikwadi KP, Karasek FW, Hatano H, J. Chromatogr., 511, 281 (1990)

[23] Hahn J, Nagge C, Pohlot P, Bahor B, Sussman D, Chemosphere, 25, 153 (1992)

[24] EPA Metod 23

[25] Beard A, Naikwadi AB, Karasek FW, J. Chromatogr., 589, 265 (1992)

[26] Hagenmaier H, Linding C, Chemosphere, 29 (1994)

[27] Jang YS, Hong JG, J. Chem. Soc., 39, 513 (1995)

[28] Fiedler H, Hutzinger O, Timms C, Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 29, 157 (1990)

[29] Rachunathan K, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 1827 (1996)

[30] Ingrid FS, Birgatta B, Niklas C, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 624 (1994)