Preparation of shape memory polymers (SMPs) with broad transition temperature was an effective method to realize multishape memory effect. In this study, a novel SMP with a broad glass transition temperature (T (g)) based on microcrystalline cellulose was prepared. The structure of the SMP was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, which can prove the successful synthesis of the material. The thermal properties were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The dual- and multishape memory effects were also quantificationally analyzed by DMA. Further, the influence of programming temperature within T (g) on dual-shape memory effect was investigated, and a 1D model was built to explain their relationship.