The susceptibility of sugarcane leaves to cellulase hydrolysis by GC220 cellulase (10 filter paper units (FPU)/gram dry weight basis (g, DS)) for 72 h was compared after pretreatment by autoclaving at 121 degrees C, 15 pounds per square inch (lb/in(2)) in the presence of either dilute sulfuric acid or lime. The optimal (from those evaluated) conditions for each type of pretreatment of green sugarcane leaves (20-40 mesh particle) at 6% weight by volume (w/v, DS), were found to be 1.5% (w/v) sulfuric acid and 2% (w/v) calcium hydroxide for 30 and 15 min, respectively. The acid pretreated samples released more glucose than the lime treated ones (5.7% and 3.9% weight by weight (w/w, DS), respectively). Accellerase (TM) 1000 hydrolysis (160 FPU/g, DS) of the dilute sulfuric acid pretreated ground sugarcane leaves suspended in 0.5 M citrate buffer, or in pretreatment hydrolysate yielded 0.104 and 0.163 g glucose/g (DS) of leaves after 6 h, respectively. Fermentation of the two above obtained glucose sources by Saccharomyces cereuisiae for 12 and 24 h, respectively, yielded ethanol at 4.8% and 8.0% (w/w, DS), respectively. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.