The production of hydrogen from Organic Fraction of Solid Municipal Waste (OFSMW) was studied on a semi-pilot scale. The potential of generating electricity using the process effluents was further assessed using a two-chambered Microbial Fuel Cell. A maximum hydrogen fraction of 46.7% and hydrogen yield of 246.93 ml H2 g (1) Total Volatile Solids was obtained at optimum operational setpoints of 7.9, 30.29 degrees C and 60 h for pH, temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) respectively. A maximum electrical power density of 0.21 W m(-2) (0.74 A m (2)) was recorded at 500 Omega and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 50.1% was achieved from the process. The process economics of energy generation from organic wastes could be significantly improved by integrating a two-stage process of fermentative hydrogen production and electricity generation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.