In this study, a superhydrophobic nanofibrous membrane was prepared on the basis of an electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanofibrous scaffold coupled with a microporous PTFE substrate. The PVDF-PTFE nanofibrous scaffold was fabricated by electrospining of PVDF-PTFE blend solutions, it was observed that by changing the PTFE micro-powder content in the dope solutions from 0 wt.% to 12 wt.%, the water contact angle (WCA) and the liquid entry pressure (LEPw) of the membrane vary from 130.4 degrees and 84 kPa to 152.20 degrees and 137 kPa, respectively. The superhydrophobic PVDF-PTFE nanofibrous membrane was then tested for desalination by vacuum membrane distillation (VMD), a stable flux of 18.5 kg/m(2) h and salt rejection higher than 99.9% was presented throughout the entire testing period of 15 h, indicating the great potential of the PVDF-PTFE nanofibrous membranes in VMD. For further application of the PVDF-PTFE nanofibrous membranes in VMD, a mathematical model was presented to predict the vapor flux of the novel membrane under various operation conditions. A good agreement between the experimental and theoretical values for vapor fluxes was obtained; the results indicated that the VMD flux increased with the increase of feed temperature and flow rate and decreased with the increase of permeate pressure. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.