Nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 is successfully synthesized via a facile and rapid mechanochemical reaction with subsequent annealing in different atmospheres. Transmission electron microscopy observation and X-ray diffraction peak broadening reveal the average crystallite size to be about 11 nm. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic discharge-charge tests at various current densities are carried out to explore electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials. The first discharge and charge capacities can reach 325 mAh g(-1) and 234 mAh g(-1), respectively. Moreover, nanocrystalline TiO2 also exhibits good rate capability and excellent capacity retention for over 700 cycles. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.