The properties of interfaces of water-stable lithium electrode have been investigated by EIS in Li-air batteries and four-electrode test-cells. The water-stable lithium electrode was prepared with the protection of NASICON-type glass-ceramic plate [0.8Li(2)O center dot 0.25Al(2)O(3)center dot 1.5GeO(2)center dot 1.5P(2)O(5) glass-ceramic (LAGP)]. The glass-ceramic plates are water-stable and 200-500 mu m thick with ion-conductivity of 4 x 10(-4) S cm(-1). In Li-air batteries, the AC impedance spectra of LAGP protected lithium electrode contained two semicircles and became three after one week. The composition of impedance of LAGP protected lithium electrode was analyzed, by comparison on the impedance spectra of LAGP protected lithium electrode and bare Li metal electrode in organic electrolyte. Furthermore, in four-electrode test-cell which excluded the LAGP|aqueous-solution interface, the interface impedance of LAGP plate was analyzed. And then by the analysis of impedance, the Li|organic-electrolyte interface caused the main impedance of the water-stable lithium electrode during the discharge. The impedance of water-stable lithium electrode should be decreased by the study of new electrolyte and interface modification. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.