The study determined the performance of small-scale commercial firewood processing operations under the typical work conditions of Southern Europe. In particular, five units were tested, fed with the same 2.1-m long beech (Fagus sylvatica L) logs. All machines were tested with sorted and unsorted logs. Productivity varied between 1.1 and 2.1 t h(-1), and cost between 20 and 39 sic t(-1). There were significant differences between machines, which may partly be attributed to operator effect. Feeding the machines with sorted logs had a significant effect on the productivity of all machines on test, increasing productivity by 40% and reducing cost by 34%. Fuel use varied between 1.3 and 2.8 l t(-1). The energy balance was always very favorable. The ration between output and input was never smaller than 59 to 1 and peaked at 130 to 1. In other words, processing required about 1% of the energy contained in the firewood - or 1.7% in the worst case. The productivity figures reported in this experiment were much lower than reported for Northern Europe, which seems to confirm the significant effect of regional work conditions - especially different wood species - on firewood processing performance. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.