One of the most effective approaches is to obtain bacteria with high hydrogen-producing capacity and introduce into hydrogen production process in order to perform utmost efficiency. It was proved by analysis of 16S rDNA sequence that it, R3, possibly belongs to a novel genus. The hydrogen production varies depending on glucose concentration and pH respectively. It was found that the optimal glucose concentration is 12.0 g/l and the optimal initial pH is about 5.5. Glucose degradation rate of R3 conforms to Michaelis-Menten formula. There are three stages to actualize bioaugmentation which are cultivated hydrogen-producing fermentative bacteria with high yield and rate, actualize maximum bearing capacity and high physiological activity of hydrogen-producing bacterium added in the system for improving a special performance in the mixed system. It is very important for bioaugmentation application to the biological hydrogen-producing system in order to further enhance hydrogen-producing capacity of the system and stability of the system operation. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. All rights reserved.