An investigation is reported of the thermodynamic performance of the gasification process followed by the steam-methane reforming (SMR) and shift reactions for producing hydrogen from oil palm shell, one of the most common biomass resources. Energy and exergy efficiencies are determined for each component in this system. A process simulation tool is used for assessing the indirectly heated Battelle Columbus Laboratory (BCL) gasifier, which is included with the decomposition reactor to produce syngas for producing hydrogen. A simplified model is presented here for biomass gasification based on chemical equilibrium considerations, with the Gibbs free energy minimization approach. The gasifier with the decomposition reactor is observed to be one of the most critical components of a biomass gasification system, and is modeled to control the produced syngas yield. Also various thermodynamic efficiencies, namely energy, exergy and cold gas efficiencies are evaluated which may be useful for the design, optimization and modification of hydrogen production and other related processes. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. All rights reserved.