LiBH4 + 1/2MgH(2) is a promising reactive hydride composite for hydrogen storage. In the present study, three Ce-based additives were used as catalysts to enhance the hydrogen storage performance of LiBH4 + 1/2MgH(2) composites. The composites with Ce additives demonstrated significantly improved dehydrogenation kinetics and cyclic stability compared with the pure composite. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses clearly revealed the phase transitions and morphological evolution during the hydriding-dehydriding cycling. The composites with Ce-based additives displayed stable nanostructures, in contrast to the rapid microstructural deterioration in the uncatalyzed composite. The CeB6 formed in the composites had a particle size of 10 nm after five cycles. It may act as the nucleus for MgB2 formation during dehydrogenation and thus account for the structural and performance stability of the composites upon cycling. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.